CommodityGraph
Shadow fleetSanctions checkTradersSanctionsChangesMethodology
Change feed

Recently detected changes

Dated events parsed from official register notices and daily sanctions list diffs. Create an account to get alerts for the entities you watch.

  1. Officer role/signature changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-05
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Roslyk, Volodymyr, ukrainischer Staatsangehöriger, in Kiew (UA), Gesellschafter, mit Einzelunterschrift, mit 10 Stammanteilen zu je CHF 1'000.00 [bisher: Gesellschafter, ohne Zeichnungsberechtigung]

    Volodymyr Roslyk: role/signature updated (partner / member)

  2. Address changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-05
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Nouvelle adresse: Rue du Port 12, 1204 Genève.
    NOIL TRADING SA · Geneva, CH

    Registered address changed

  3. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Palau Ruffo Di Calabria, Marzia, cittadina italiana, in Milano (IT), membro, con firma individuale [finora: presidente, con firma individuale]
    FARMETAL SA · Lugano, CH

    Marzia Palau Ruffo Di Calabria appointed chair

  4. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Paccagnin, Roberto, da Agno, in Vezia, presidente, direttore, con firma individuale [finora: membro, direttore, con firma individuale]
    FARMETAL SA · Lugano, CH

    Roberto Paccagnin appointed chair, director (management)

  5. Auditor changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Persone dimissionarie e firme cancellate: Solefid SA (CH-350.4.002.832-2), in Lugano, ufficio di revisione.

    Auditor changed

  6. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Pasquier, Jean-Noël, französischer Staatsangehöriger, in Chêne-Bourg, Geschäftsführer, mit Einzelunterschrift

    Jean-Noël Pasquier appointed managing officer

  7. Purpose changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Zweck neu: Der Zweck der Gesellschaft besteht in der Beschaffung, dem Verkauf, dem Handel, dem Tausch, der Verwaltung, dem Transport, der Lagerung, dem Vertrieb oder der Veräusserung von Rohstoffen (Energie, Metalle, landwirtschaftliche Produkte und andere) und allen anderen Produkten sowie in der Ausübung aller damit zusammenhängenden Tätigkeiten und Dienstleistungen, einschliesslich administrativer, finanzieller, technischer, wirtschaftlicher oder leitender und beratender Tätigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit diesen Tätigkeiten, in der Schweiz und im Ausland, in welcher Form auch immer.

    Statutory purpose changed

  8. Address changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Domizil neu: c/o lagom.swiss AG, Pilatusstrasse 3, 6300 Zug.

    Registered address changed

  9. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Sitz neu: Zug.

    Registered seat moved

  10. Name changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Firma neu: Rep Commodities GmbH.

    Company name changed

  11. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Par suite de transfert du siège à Zoug, l'entité juridique est inscrite au Registre du commerce du canton de Zoug sous la raison de commerce "Rep Commodities GmbH (Rep Commodities Sàrl) (Rep Commodities LLC)".

    Registered seat moved

  12. Auditor changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Eingetragene Personen neu oder mutierend: Fides Experta AG (CHE-141.060.170), in Zürich, Revisionsstelle.
    Vitus Capital Ltd · Baar, CH

    Auditor changed

  13. Auditor changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Ausgeschiedene Personen und erloschene Unterschriften: KPMG AG (CH-170.9.000.370-3), in Zug, Revisionsstelle.

    Auditor changed

  14. Purpose changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-04
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Zweck neu: Die Gesellschaft kann Handel mit Waren aller Art betreiben, insbesondere mit Rohstoffen aller Art (wie Erzen, Metallen, Mineralien und Chemikalien), mit Energieträgern (wie Elektrizität, Kohle, Öl, Gas, Diesel, Benzin) und mit Substanzen für die Fabrikation pharmazeutischer Produkte.

    Statutory purpose changed

  15. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-03
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Steck, Christian Rainer, deutscher Staatsangehöriger, in Balzers (LI), Vizepräsident, mit Einzelunterschrift
    Totabex Management Ltd · Bäch SZ, CH

    Christian Rainer Steck appointed vice-chair

  16. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-03
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Steyn, Johann, südafrikanischer Staatsangehöriger, in Ingenbohl, Vizepräsident, mit Kollektivunterschrift zu zweien
    Totabex Management Ltd · Bäch SZ, CH

    Johann Steyn left as vice-chair

  17. Entered liquidation
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-03
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    KARTOSERVICE SA in liquidazione, in Lugano, CHE-229.759.472, società anonima (Nr.

    Company dissolved / in liquidation

  18. Address changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-03
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Nuovo recapito: c/o Avv.

    Registered address changed

  19. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2024-01-03
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Altenburg, Marcus, deutscher Staatsangehöriger, in Zürich, Zeichnungsberechtigter, mit Einzelunterschrift

    Marcus Altenburg left as officer

  20. Purpose changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Zweck neu: Die Gesellschaft bezweckt die Entwicklung und Implementierung neuer Bio- und Phytotechnologien;

    Statutory purpose changed

  21. Address changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Domizil neu: Kägiswilerstrasse 15, 6060 Sarnen.

    Registered address changed

  22. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Sitz neu: Sarnen.

    Registered seat moved

  23. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Die Rechtseinheit wird infolge Verlegung des Sitzes nach Sarnen im Handelsregister des Kantons Obwalden eingetragen und im Handelsregister des Kantons Zug von Amtes wegen gelöscht.

    Registered seat moved

  24. Address changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Domizil neu: Zum See 2, 9320 Arbon.
    Tecosol GmbH · Arbon, CH

    Registered address changed

  25. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Sitz neu: Arbon.
    Tecosol GmbH · Arbon, CH

    Registered seat moved

  26. Other register change
    Source
    Verified: copied from a structured field of an authoritative source
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Raw evidence
    NCI - Swissnanocoat SA, à Yverdon-les-Bains, CHE-115.162.764 (FOSC du 19.12.2013, p. 0/7225834). La société ayant transféré son siège à La Chaux-de-Fonds, la raison de commerce est radiée d'office du Registre du commerce du canton de Vaud.
    NCI - Swissnanocoat SA · La Chaux-de-Fonds, CH

    Commercial register entry updated

  27. Registered seat moved
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Nouveau siège: La Chaux-de-Fonds, rue du Collège 92, 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds.
    NCI - Swissnanocoat SA · La Chaux-de-Fonds, CH

    Registered seat moved

  28. Entered liquidation
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    La société est dissoute par décision de l'assemblée générale du 07.12.2023.
    Beverli AG in Liquidation · Courtepin, CH

    Company dissolved / in liquidation

  29. Name changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Nouvelle raison sociale: Beverli SA. en liquidation (Beverli AG. in Liquidation) (Beverli Ltd. in liquidation).
    Beverli AG in Liquidation · Courtepin, CH

    Company name changed

  30. Name changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Firma neu: BSH Büron GmbH. [Weitere Änderungen berühren keine publikationspflichtigen Tatsachen.]
    BSH Büron GmbH · Büron, CH

    Company name changed

  31. Officer role/signature changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Hechel, Marc, von Basel, in Thalwil, mit Kollektivprokura zu zweien [bisher: in Zürich]
    bank zweiplus sa · Zurich, CH

    Marc Hechel: role/signature updated (authorised signatory (procuration))

  32. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Maurer, Lucas, von Basel, in Binningen, mit Einzelunterschrift
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Lucas Maurer appointed officer

  33. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Gutmans, Alexander, von Basel, in Basel, mit Einzelunterschrift
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Alexander Gutmans appointed officer

  34. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Soosaipillai, Winston Sanjeevkumar, britischer Staatsangehöriger, in Weybridge (GB), Mitglied des Verwaltungsrates, mit Einzelunterschrift
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Winston Sanjeevkumar Soosaipillai appointed board member

  35. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Furrer, Daniel, von Bauma, in Hinwil, mit Kollektivunterschrift zu zweien
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Daniel Furrer left as officer

  36. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Attinger, Martin, von Dübendorf, in Gossau ZH, Vizepräsident des Verwaltungsrates, mit Kollektivunterschrift zu zweien
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Martin Attinger left as vice-chair

  37. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Hausen, Florian, deutscher Staatsangehöriger, in Hamburg (DE), Präsident des Verwaltungsrates, mit Kollektivunterschrift zu zweien
    OIL! Tankstellen AG · Rüti ZH, CH

    Florian Hausen left as chair

  38. Other register change
    Source
    Verified: copied from a structured field of an authoritative source
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Raw evidence
    GLASCO SA, in Lugano, CHE-316.440.085, società anonima (Nr. FUSC 145 del 29.07.2021, Pubbl. 1005260861). Statuti modificati: 14.12.2023. Nuovo capitale azionario: CHF 560'000.00 [finora: CHF 300'000.00]. Nuovo capitale azionario liberato: CHF 560'000.00 [finora: CHF 300'000.00]. Nuove azioni: 560 azioni nominative da CHF 1'000.00 [finora: 300 azioni nominative da CHF 1'000.00]. Aumento ordinario del capitale azionario. Fatti particolari: Compensazione crediti: CHF 260'000.00, contro attribuzione di 260 azioni nominative da CHF 1'000.00.
    GLASCO SA · Lugano, CH

    Commercial register entry updated

  39. Officer role/signature changed
    Derived 70%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    70%
    Raw evidence
    La liquidation est opérée sous la raison de commerce: Alton S.A. en liquidation, par Vodoz Olivier, de La Tour-de-Peilz, à Blonay - Saint-Légier, nommé liquidateur avec signature individuelle.
    Alton S.A. en liquidation · La Tour-de-Peilz, CH

    Olivier Vodoz: role/signature updated (liquidator)

  40. Entered liquidation
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    La liquidation est opérée sous la raison de commerce: Alton S.A. en liquidation, par Vodoz Olivier, de La Tour-de-Peilz, à Blonay - Saint-Légier, nommé liquidateur avec signature individuelle.
    Alton S.A. en liquidation · La Tour-de-Peilz, CH

    Company dissolved / in liquidation

  41. Officer appointed
    Derived 70%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    70%
    Raw evidence
    Nouveau gérant avec signature collective à deux: Silie Benoit, de Lausanne, à Singapour (Singapour).

    Benoit Silie appointed managing officer

  42. Officer left
    Derived 75%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    75%
    Raw evidence
    Fischer Stefan n'est plus gérant; sa signature est radiée.

    Stefan Fischer left as managing officer

  43. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Caillat, Pascal Jean Philippe, von Féchy, in Carouge (GE), Mitglied des Verwaltungsrates, mit Einzelunterschrift
    Gliese Ltd · Zug, CH

    Pascal Jean Philippe Caillat left as board member

  44. Officer left
    Derived 75%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-29
    Confidence
    75%
    Raw evidence
    Les pouvoirs de Raickman François sont radiés.
    Geogas Trading SA · Geneva, CH

    François Raickman left as officer

  45. Capital changed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Le capital-actions est réduit de CHF 20'000.00 par suite de scission.

    Share capital changed

  46. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Charmillot, Didier Maurice Alphonse, de Val Terbi, à Vicques (Val Terbi), associé et gérant, avec signature individuelle, pour 20 parts sociales de CHF 1'000.00
    MdV Fournitures Sàrl · Vicques, CH

    Didier Maurice Alphonse Charmillot appointed partner / member, managing officer

  47. Registered in commercial register
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    MdV Fournitures Sàrl, à Val Terbi, CHE-434.395.394, Sur Breuya 6, 2824 Vicques, société à responsabilité limitée (Nouvelle inscription). Date des statuts: 22.11.2023. Séparation: la société est issue de la scission de la société "Moulins de Vicques Charmillot SA", à Val Terbi (CHE-107.241.261). Selon projet de scission du 22.11.2023, la société reprend des actifs pour CHF 610'933.38 et des passifs
    MdV Fournitures Sàrl · Vicques, CH

    New entry in the commercial register

  48. Officer appointed
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Ghazzaoui, Farid, da Lugano, in Mesocco, amministratore unico, con firma individuale [finora: presidente, con firma individuale]
    Oncoswiss SA · Lugano, CH

    Farid Ghazzaoui appointed sole board member, chair

  49. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Ballinari, Tiziano, da Bellinzona, in Giubiasco, membro, con firma collettiva a due
    Oncoswiss SA · Lugano, CH

    Tiziano Ballinari left as board member

  50. Officer left
    Derived 90%
    Derived by a deterministic rule from source data
    Source
    SHAB/FOSC – Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce
    Retrieved
    2026-09-29
    Source date
    2023-12-28
    Confidence
    90%
    Raw evidence
    Le Rose, Francesco, da Bioggio, in Bioggio, membro, con firma collettiva a due
    Oncoswiss SA · Lugano, CH

    Francesco Le Rose left as board member

← NewerOlder →